Blood Cell Concentration Oscillations in Healthy and Tumors Affected Organisms

Daily oscillations in the concentrations of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes in mice and humans (both healthy and affected by acute and genetically inherited leukemia, solid tumors and some infl ammatory diseases) were studied. The analysis showed the breakage of phase synchronization of daily oscillations only in all cases of tumor diseases whereas is in cases of infl ammatory diseases the phase remained synchronized. Research Article Blood Cell Concentration Oscillations in Healthy and Tumors Affected Organisms Berezin AA1* and Shmid AV2 1Researcher of the Company EC-leasing, Moscow, Russia, Tel: 8 967 128 04 67. 2Head of the Company EC-leasing, Moscow, Russia, Tel: 8 495 319 58 09. Received: 16 January, 2018 Accepted: 03 February, 2018 Published: 05 February, 2018 *Corresponding author: Berezin AA, Researcher of the Company EC-leasing, Moscow, Russia, Tel: 8 967 128 04 67, E-mail: https://www.peertechz.com


Introduction
Acute leukemia is a malignant tumor disease of the hematopoietic system; its etiology and pathogenesis have not been established conclusively. Acute leukemia takes a leading position among the hematopoietic-system diseases, comprising about 50% of their total number. As found by a number of researchers, the average annual disease rate in Europe varies from 3 to 5 per 100000 [1].
At present, the results of epidemiological studies suggest that the risk of the disease should increases by a factor of nearly 5 in the families of patients with malignant tumors. Certain genetic factors also heighten the risk of leukemia. Thus, the Down's syndrome raises the probability of leukemia by a factor of approximately 30. Acute leukemia in one of monozygotic twins results in 25% probability of the disease in the other twin. This probability increases to 50% or approaches 100% for the development of the disease in one of twins at ages below 5 and 1 years, respectively [2].
There are currently several theories of the leukemia development, such as the virus theory, virus-gene theory, clone theory, the theory of systemic development of this disease, etc.
In recent years a great number of studies have been devoted to viral etiology of leukemias and other malignant tumors. Here, the primarily attention has been paid to specifi c viruses present in a healthy body in a latent state. Under certain conditions however these viruses may have a pathogenic effect leading to malignization (malignant degeneration) of the cells. The clone theory of leukemia initiation is based on the chromosome mutation in one of the hematopoietic cells followed by an unrestrained reproduction and formation of the clone of pathological cells. The mutation can be due to various factors (viruses, radiation, diverse physical and chemical agents, etc.). The clone theory has managed to explain the chromosome disturbances in leukemias [3], predisposition to acute leukemia in individuals with chromosome aberrations (e.g., Down's syndrome and anomalies of sex chromosomes), and the development of congenital leukemias and family leukemia which may both be based on various endogenic and exogenic factors facilitating the development of mutations and the appearance of new hereditary properties.
At the same time, the studies [4,5], point to only a limited ability of the leukemic cells to proliferate. This casts some doubt on the possibility to form the clone of tumor cells from a single mutated cell that initiated the development of leukemia.
Although each of the above theories explains a number of phenomena observed in initiation and development of leukemia, none of them suggest a comprehensive idea of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. In this relation, the aim of the present work is to develop a physical model of acute leukemia, which would involve the elements of all the mentioned theories.

Materials and Methods
Experimental data on the oscillatory characteristics of a number of blood elements for animals (mice) and humans. We performed an experiment to investigate the relationship between the oscillations in different blood components. The experimental procedure to study the daily oscillations in a number of the parameters of human and animal blood was as follows. We employed 100 male mice at an age of 3.5 months. Fifty mice belonged to the AKR strain; the rate of acute leukemia in these mice approaches 98% at the age of 9 months. The other fi fty mice belonged to the C57BL strain (healthy mongrel mice). The mice of both strains were caged in twos and fed on a standard diet over the entire observation period. Blood of the test mice was sampled at 9 a.m., 2 p.m., 6 p.m., and 9 p.m. These points were chosen in order to fi t the daily oscillations in the neutrophil and lymphocyte concentrations to sine function with a 24-h period. Each animal was sampled 12 times over 3 days. This number of samples was necessary for a reliable evaluation of the amplitude and phase of daily oscillations in the blood cells of the types studied. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein by a standard method. Blood smears prepared on microscope slides were fi xed with methyl alcohol and then stained by Romanovsky Giemsa. The blood smears were analyzed using a microscope with a magnifi cation of times x1800, and the percentages of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes were determined by analyzing 100 leucocytes. In order to increase the reliability, the content of the above cells was counted in no less than 200 microscope fi elds by the same cytologist. For a better accuracy of the analysis, a doubling count of leucocytes was performed with a TOA CC108 cell counter.
The daily oscillations in the neutrophil and lymphocyte concentrations were investigated in a group of 50 healthy male and female donors aged from 19 to 45 using the above procedure. Blood was also studied for comparison in a group which included 90 patients with a well-developed leukemia and infl ammatory diseases (pneumonia, hepatitis, tuberculosis, rheumatism, and postoperative infl ammatory complications).
Because of the great annual variation of the day length, the daily variation of the earth magnetic fi eld was chosen as the steady daily curve. The daily variations of the earth magnetic fi eld was analyzed with the aid of a pilot parametric magnetometer with a sensitivity of 1 gamma.
All the experimental results were statistically analyzed on a computer using the method of least squares in order to determine the degree of correspondence between the experimental curves and the "ideal" sine function with a 24-h period, which exhibited a maximum at 9 a.m. and a minimum at 9 p.m.

Discussion
The analysis of the daily mouse blood rhythms showed that in healthy mice of strain C57BL the minimum and the maximum absolute contents of lymphocytes were observed at 9 p.m. and 9 a.m., respectively (       mice of the C57BL strain. Hence that phenomenon can serve as an additional method for diagnostics of tumor diseases.