Miscellaneous Marine Fishes Caught under PFZ and Non-PFZ Realm off Ratnagiri Coast, Maharashtra State, India

Potential Fishing Zones connote where Chlorophyll Concentration and Sea Surface Temperature together constitute better environment for the healthy growth of fi sh and food abundance. Fishing was done in both within and outside PFZ zones after validating PFZ advisory in time and fi rsthand information is also collected from the fi sh catch in different gears by following generated PFZ advisory and feedback in the standard format developed by INCOIS. Within PFZ means potential and good number of fi sh catch is obtained as compared to outside PFZ means fi shing is done away 2-3km without using PFZ advisory. Identical boats were selected at the same time from the same landing centers going one in within and other for outside PFZ fi shing boats separately carried fi shing operations in accordance with the PFZ area provided by the satellite. The availability of food is an important factor that controls their occurrence, abundance and migrations in the sea. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is the most easily observed environmental parameter and is quite often correlated with the availability of fi sh, especially pelagic fi sh. A better understanding of the behavior and dynamics of fi sh populations including their response to environmental and anthropogenic pressures is essential for effective management of marine fi sheries. In spite of the vast scope and potentials for development of marine fi shery along Ratnagiri coast, signifi cant and tangible progress needs to be achieved so far through INCOIS-DOD which is leading to benefi t the fi shermen community in obtaining high fi sh catch with less efforts and time and fuel saving from PFZ, still much is needed to work based on a few drawbacks and gaps as seen (a) lack of suffi cient understanding PFZ, (b) failure to recognize the PFZ during fi shing, (c) lack of modernizing or upgrading the mechanized boats, and (d) little infrastructure and equipment in fi shing. The INCOIS-DOD Mission activities should be thoroughly and critically is followed both by fi shermen and their societies on the Ratnagiri coast region for which the expansion of this Mission and extension of research activities. The successful validation on PFZ advisory from the three fi sh landing centers were conducted during the study tenure. Research Article


Introduction
The Indian National Center for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) get SST contour obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data and chlorophyll images produced from the Indian satellite using Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) sensor, to identify potential fi shing zones [1].
Maharashtra states on the west coast contribute over 65% of the national marine landings. Although Maharashtra accounts for 14-20 percent of the total marine fi sh production of India. Marine fi sh production contribute 45% of the total fi sh production of the country in 2010 [2]. Along Ratnagiri coast this marine fi sh production contribute mostly 10% resources [3]. In an aquatic ecosystem, physic-chemical environment has profound infl uence on its biotic components. In the long run it controls diversity, biomass and spatial distribution of biotic communities in time and space. Potential Fishing Zone Advisories in respect of these coastal states are being produced by using the satellite data sets from NOAA, AVHRR, IRS P4, OCM and MODIS-AQUA satellite based Sea Surface Temperature (SST) images are being used as an fi rsthand input in order to locate PFZ of productivity and therefore fi sh availability for commercial fi shing operations [4]. As stated by [5], whatever is metabolic and physiological movements and life sustain processes viz. feeding, reproduction etc. primary production, global carbon and biogeochemical cycles [6]. Ocean and atmosphere form part and parcel constituents of the climate systems. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the imperative parameters that exert the tropical atmosphere ocean interaction [7]. In implementing ocean information and advisory services under the Mission, INCOIS-DOD has been conducting meetings of the P.I. associated with renowned scientist from ISRO, NRSA, FSI, and others from marine fi sheries discipline. These occasions are providing opportunities to review the progress and free exchange of scientifi c and other relevant ideas for improvement and application of satellite information system in marine fi sheries development [8].

Materials and Methods
Mirkarwada is one of the famous and topical in respect of marine fi shery resources landing. Although overall progress based on the feedback of the users has been quite satisfactory from certain major fi sh landing centers of Ratnagiri district, in total 93 fi sh species are found they have been categorized based on their species habitat, migratory behavior and occurrence in

Result
The PFZ benefi ciary boat owners has got benefi t much more throughout the PFZ validation study in terms of total fi sh catch, percent success and reduction in search time for within and outside PFZ area. In such a way that they can reform their standard of living. The study showed better fi sh catch in all the way. However purse-seine gets large fi sh catch than trawlers.    Firstly it was imagined how PFZ will be helpful for trawlers to obtain the fi sh catch, when this was employed for trawler for within and outside PFZ then study report trawl comprise different fi sh verities which is more valuable than purseseine fi shery. Though PFZ forecast being based on surface temperature like SST and chlorophyll, but when we tried to conduct PFZ advisory on pomfrets in the specifi ed area from trawl net and to some extent for gill net the good results was obtained in getting pomfrets fi sh catch, however it was less in quantity thereafter we continued and conclude in the long run to successfully operate these nets would give better implication to establish scientifi c facts. Since no such study was previously conducted, so that by keeping in mind these studied were performed to get the concrete results for conducting PFZ validation experiments.

Conclusion
Many fi sher from different landing centers which concerned with motorized and mechanized sector are not using PFZ data, however they used to be fi shing traditionally. At some place fi sher have been illiterate in understanding PFZ properly and ultimately lead to their socio-economic plight. As PFZ is an important initiative for distribution of information to the society. Also PFZ advisory services as one of the important benefi ts of Indian space program where the society is directly being benefi tted. Scientifi c project must contribute both to disseminating the information as well as to have a research component which will only provide sustenance for the future.
It will be pointed out that major fi shing crafts and gears and major fi sh species landed must be noted and threats such as fi sh depletion, fall in CPUE, degradation of habitats, predators, migration of fi sh etc. be essentially identifi ed in the view of increasing marine fi sh production under the Mission. An effort should be put into intensifying the validation campaigns and acquiring real-time feedback from fi shing vessels is an imperative. There is a need to establish collaborative / cooperative approach with rural population including youths, Fisheries Department, and educational / research institutes in order to effectively operate PFZ validation projects and modernize fi shing. It is very essential to understand the magnitude of the importance from PFZ resources contributing to the fi sheries.