Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among male palestrato

Context: Musculoskeletal disorder are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerve, tendon and structure that support limbs, neck and back. These conditions generally results in pain and functional impairments. Prevention strategies are needed early in the apprentice training program to reduce the potential disability associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptom disorders. Aim: To fi nd the musculoskeletal disorder in male palestrato and what are the common disorder or injuries occur in them. Method: This study is a survey. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 palestrato were selected through purposive sampling technique and informed consent was taken. The age group for the study is 20-35 years. The prevalence was ckecked by the Nordic scale and VAS scale. Measuring scales: Nordic Style musculoskeletal scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Results: Data Was Meaningfully Assorted through Evaluation of Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Severity and the region of the body which is most affected and which is least affected. Conclusion: The study concluded that the 73% of subjects were involved in having MSD and the most common age group was 20-25 years in which the prevalence of MSD was 59%. The majority of the subjects had marked VAS between 4-6 and in the Nordic scale reading, we concluded that shoulder and neck area were severely afftected regions and ankle and hip were least affected. Research Article Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among male palestrato Rajneet Kaur Sahni1*, Anureet Kaur2 and Simran Grewal2 1Associate Professor, Baba Farid University of Health Science, All Saints Institute of Medical Science and Research, India 2Student, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, All Saints Institute of Medical Science and Research, India Received: 25 June, 2018 Accepted: 16 July, 2019 Published: 17 July, 2019 *Corresponding author: Rajneet Kaur Sahni, Associate Professor, All Saints Institute of Medical Science and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Science, Faridkot, India, Tel: +919888512386; E-mail: rajneetsahni@rediffmail.com

infl ammatory and degenerative diseases and disorders. These conditions generally results in pain and functional impairments and can affect the joints such as shoulder, neck, elbow, forearm, wrist and hands [3]. The relationship between the workplace factors and work related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder (UE disorder) was assessed by multiple logistic models generated for each of the four UE areas (neck, shoulder, elbow, hand, wrist) [4]. It is also seen that in workers, that they have associated with many work place physical and psychological factors specifi c physical factors includes intense, repeated or sustained exertion awkward, sustained or extreme postures of the body, insuffi cient recovery time, vibration and cold temperature and psychological factors include monotonous works, time pressure, high work load as proved by the epidermiologic study [5]. The musculoskeletal disorders are also linked with the medical conditions, for instance, obesity is a key and potentially modifi ed risk factor in the onset and progression of musculoskeletal disorder of various joints like hip, knee, ankle, foot and shoulder. The unduly raising stress within the connective tissue structure and potential for musculoskeletal injury [6]. The potential of rationalization Introduction Musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerve, and tendon and structure that support limbs, neck and back. Musculoskeletal disorders arises from sudden exertion (example lifting a heavy object) or they can arise from making the same motion repeatedly, vibration or awkward posture [1]. The relative risk of disability due to musculoskeletal disorders has been studied with regard to occupation and work load. Disability pensions were more common both in men and women with medium and high physical work load as compared to men with low physical work load [2]. The work related musculoskeletal disorders describes a wide range of http://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5487.000064 of production system to cause health problem is large in contrast to overall assessment of ergonomic intervention that seems to have limited health effect in the long term [7]. The musculoskeletal disorder are a major cause of work related disability. The low back was site most commonly reported for job related musculoskeletal symptoms, which was also the most common reason for seeking care from a physician. At the beginning of the careers of construction workers, they are prone to MSD [8]. MSD represents a signifi cant occupational issue for a professional nurses worldwide. The overall prevalence of MSD was 70.0% with individual category reported as low back 56.7%, neck 42.8%, shoulder 38.9%, upper back 38.9% [9]. The other most common medical condition which leads to MSD was Diabetes mellitus which is associated with several MSD. The incidence of DM and the life expectancy of the diabetic patient have both increased, resulting in the increased prevalence and clinical importance of Musculoskeletal alteration in diabetic subject, connective tissue disorder, neuropathy, combination of these problem may under lie the increased incidence of MSD in DM [10].
The aim of study is to fi nd the musculoskeletal disorder in male palestrati, the common disorder or injuries which occur in them, to fi nd the region which is commonly involved in them and to fi nd out the common type of MSD. In this way the general population can be made aware about the work of physiotherapists in the fi tness training. This study also aim to enhance the employment of Physiotherapists in the Fitness centers and the Physiotherapists can guide and teach the male palestrati about the correct technique so they can prevent their injuries thus it become important to perform fi tness training with the prevention strategies in the early apprentice training program to reduce the potential disability associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptom disorders.

Material and Methods
This study is conducted through a survey. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 palestrati who were doing workout in fi tness centres in Ludhiana city were selected through purposive sampling technique and informed consent was taken. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorder in palestrati was determined using Nordic Style Musculoskeletal scale, VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and orthopedic/physiotherapy assessment. The data was collected, compiled and analyzed.
Inclusion Criteria: The subject's age group was 20-35 years. Palestrati doing workout in fi tness centers for at least 1-2 hours daily and who were enrolled for the past 10-12 months were included in the study.
Exclusion Criteria: Male Palestrati with medical conditions, with history of trauma and Palestrato who were previously suffered from musculoskeletal disorders are all excluded from the study.

Procedure
The informed consent was obtained from the subjects.
Nordic Style musculoskeletal scale and Visual Analog Scale Sensitivity was excellent in all situations (from 82.3% to 100%). Specifi city was variable, from 51.1% in the "Pays de la Loire" survey to 82.4% for score ≥ 2 based on the severity of symptoms [11].

VISUAL ANALOG SCALE (VAS): Researchers have found
Visual Analogue Scale, a reliable and valid tool. Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coeffi cient (ICC) between VAS scores taken 1 minute apart, supplemented by a Bland-Altman analysis. The minimum clinically signifi cant difference in pain was defi ned as the mean difference between sequential VAS scores obtained 30 minutes apart when the patient noted a "little less" or "little more" pain. Differences in VAS scores increased linearly as pain descriptors escalated from "much less" to "much more" pain (P < .001). Reliability was high, ICC -0.99 [95% CI 0.989 to 0.992] for 0 and 1 minute VAS scores [12].

Results
Data was meaningfully assorted through evaluation of frequency and percentage distribution of the severity and the region of the body most affected.
The table 1 shows the percentage of the socio demographic data of the male palestrati who were involved in musculoskeletal disorder. The table is divided into three categories age, gender, and occupation with their own percentage of involvement.
The age is further divided into three categories according to their involvement, age from 20-25 is 59% involved, age from 26-30 is 34% involved and age from 31-35 is 7% involved so the age group of young adults 20-25 year have the highest involvement in MSD which is 59%. The second category is gender in which only male were taken as sample. The third category is occupation it is further divided into two categories students and workers the students has 64% of involvement and workers has 34% of involvement.

Discussion
The study is to see the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among male palestrato. The result of the present study show that the shoulder region is most commonly affected followed by neck pain, low back pain and other regions.
This might be because in adolescent athletes, glenohumeral instability is an important underlying pathomechanical basis for shoulder pain, overuse stress injury of the proximal humeral physis is important to recognize early in order to prevent later complications. Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a general term used to describe multiple underlying lesions and relatively uncommon in young athletes [13].
The other reason behind the MSD is due to overexertion in lifting, injuries due to pushing and pulling objects, injuries due to overexertion in holding, carrying or turning objects [14]. The common musculoskeletal complaints include pain and stiffness  to MSD [15]. Ergonomic intervention may have greater impact in prevention of hand, wrist, and complaints [16]. Standing and sitting positions are frequently adopted, twisting of the spine connected with excessive tightening of some tissue and the straining of others could be source of painful disorder and diseases of musculoskeletal system [17]. The musculoskeletal problems are signifi cant problem within the European Union with respect to ill health, productivity [18]. The reviews show that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers, this leads to the decrease in productivity due to absence from work, chronic diseases and health expenditures lead to estimated annual spending of 2.1 billion Euros in the Netherlands and about 45 to 54 million Dollars in the United States [19,20].
The physical therapist are more prone to have low back, wrist and hand problem as they have to lift and transfer the dependent patients. Physical therapist have the knowledge about MSD but do not constitute an immunity to their over work related MSD [21]. The increased use of computer and mouse has increased the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorder especially in neck and upper extremity and MSD is more prevalent among women than men. Hand and wrist pain is also common with long term use of mouse and keyboard [22].
Back pain is the most commonly introduced musculoskeletal disorder by the women because of awkward posture like continuous bending, weight lifting, transferring the dependent patients [23]. However, it is known that the overuse of certain muscle groups, performing repetitive movements with or without required located effort, postures during work, short rest interval and stress imposed by the work organization predisposes musculoskeletal dysfunctions [24,25]. The age group between 20-25 years are dominant because the gym culture is growing fast and there are opportunity for the youngsters to assess the heavy equipments. It rejuvenates there mental stress. Hence, the performance of the students become more and more better.
The knowledge about the MSD become crucial for the male palestrati during workout to prevent the undue stress and strain over the body. It will also help us to focus on the region with alter biomechanics so that a physical therapist advise the palestrato to use the correct techniques during physical activities.

Limitations
Prevalence of MSD on male palestrato were not considered regarding the various exercises done by them in gym.

Future scope
Further study can be done by increasing number of samples. Subjects will be taken from different districts of Punjab or all over the India.
Age criteria can be extended.
Timing of the gyming activities can be altered or modifi ed

Conclusion
The study concluded the satisfying results regarding the Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among palestrato.
Majority of the subjects have marked VAS between 4-6 as shown in