Studying of genetic differentiation among clupisoma sinensis, ompok bimaculatus, puntius sophore & labeo rohita species into vishnupuri & jaikwadi dams in godavari river of the system utilizing mtDNA Gene

A geographically dispersed population is infl uenced by the physical distribution of individuals, which never have the same genetic structure in the whole domain [1]. Individuals residing in a community at one end of the scale will be having to live at higher altitudes & experience different climatologic environments than people who reside at lower altitudes on the other edge.The relative abundance of allles at this more extreme border will differ greatly from that at the opposite border. As Abstract


Introduction
Genetic diversity determines genetic differences that naturally occur between individuals of the same species, and this variability allows a population to have versatility and function in adapting to changing climatic conditions.
Once a species mates, there are periods when nonrandom mating occurs because one individual wishes to match another according to those features In this event, vary behavior decisions made by organisms of the community, and those choices form the genetic combinations which occur in successive generations [1].
A geographically dispersed population is infl uenced by the physical distribution of individuals, which never have the same genetic structure in the whole domain [1]. Individuals residing in a community at one end of the scale will be having to live at higher altitudes & experience different climatologic environments than people who reside at lower altitudes on the other edge.The relative abundance of allles at this more extreme border will differ greatly from that at the opposite border. As Abstract Throughout this research, twenty specimens (Puntius sophore , Clupisoma sinensis, Labeo rohita, and Ompok bimaculatus) in both different locations ( Vishnupuri & Jaikwadi Dams) in Rivers of Godavari were collected in the network. DNA isolation & specifi c cytochrome b gene amplifi cation primes were planned, followed by DNA Technical quantifi cation of PCR where the cytb gene for (C. sinensis & O. bimaculatus ) was amplifi ed by (1066 bp) in length while the long of (L. rohita and P. sophore) was (1252 bp), For each species, after the cytb gene sequencing phase was completed, then sequences were eventually analyzed on all species. Current study indicated that 14 samples for (Clupisoma sinensis) were explored for nucleotide composition at the Vishnupuri dam while 16 samples for (O. bimaculatus) at Jaikwadi [C (28.5%) , G (14.5%), T (U) (27.7%), A (29.4%)] &[ A (29.0%), G (14.4%), C(30.1%), T(U) (26.5%)], respectively. Diversity of nucleotides, Pi(t) between the Nanded and Paithan populations was 0.09309. One Clupisoma sinensis haplotype was formed while two Ompok bimaculatus haplotypes were established, which refers to a low genetic variability of (O. bimaculatus), where the analysis of UPGMA cluster found sequence differentiation only within (O.bimaculate) but none any variance in (C.sinensis). Unluckily, due to certain technical reasons, the other species (Puntius sophore & Labeo rohita) unacquired their cytb gene sequences, consequently we reached for our aim in the present study to determine the genetic variation among out of 2 species from total 4 species of fi shes in two different regions. organisms at either end of the continuum merge and advance towards reproduction, the resultant genetic intermix will result in a larger total genetic variability. Nonetheless, because the distribution becomes suffi ciently large that there is less and less likelihood of interbreeding between opposite ends, so the various forces working at each end become more dominant, then the people at either end of the population spectrum may gradually become genetically distinct. Distribution is one means of maintaining genetic diversity Distribution is one way for vast populations to preserve genetic diversity across wide geographic ranges, since opposing factors at both ends can change relative allele frequencies in various ways. populations are assumed to be around (5-10) times greater than those of nuclear genes [3].
DNA of Mitochondrial provides an important set of markers for phylogenetic and population studies. A comprehensive study was presented on the benefi ts of mt DNA as a method for genetic study of species [4]. Cytochrome b has been successfully used among many mitochondrial genes to recognise genetic diversity in several fi sh species of fi sh [5].
The gene of cytochrome b indicates is intra-specifi c variability primarily in 3rd location codon and that can be used in stock identifi cation. Studies of Cyprinidae fi sh populations had also found variances with in cytochrome b gene for mtDNA [6]. Malakars team had studied (Ompok bimaculatus) genetic diversity". This study aimed to provide an analysis of the genetic variability caused by the impact of extrinsic barriers.

Methods and material
India's second-largest river native to the Western Ghats

Processing specimens
Then sub-sampled the tissue samples and further analyzed   Figures 2 (a, b, c, d).
260/280). Test accumulation of nucleic acids (RNA) or Phenolic residues were detected, and then specimens were further examined for PCR amplifi cation (Figure 3).

Extracted Genome(DNAs)
Genomes of DNAs were removed of ethanol-conserved fi n clips utilizing (CTAB) procedure.

Quantifi cation of DNA
It quantifi es the extracted DNA using Nanodrop (proportion  Table 2. An attempt was made to amplify the Cyt b gene utilizing sorts-particular primers ( Table 2)   This tool is bi-directionally sequenced to support full-length barcode sequences thus preventing commonly occurring issues of signal distortion at the end of a read.

Analyzing sequences
Varieties of software packages for the DNA analysis are widely used.
1) Arlequin is a program for community genetic information study, with a broad variety of tools and predictive methods to derive genetic and demographic details from a selection of population samples.         In terms of preserving genetic exchequer, we would assume advantages to be extracted from sustaining the full level of genetic diversity in a strain beside to safeguarding multiple strains using by hybridization as additional sources of genetic information. It follows that the lack of genetic diversity for some cause (e.g., excessive selection, inbreed, seclusion) would lead to a decline in a population's possible adaptability where it has been found that individuals with greater genetic diversity have better, permanence rates or higher relative development rates. During growth, comparatively heterozygous individuals tend to be more resistant to ecological disturbances. Genetically diverse populations thus have plentiful benefi cial traits which absent from genetically poor ones Soule and Wilcox, 1980 [9][10][11].