Background: Concomitant infections with HBV, HCV, HIV and Malaria among VL patients are not uncommon, thus this study conducted to describe the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Malaria co-infection with VL among patients admitted to Gedarif teaching hospital in Eastern Sudan.
Objective: Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries with incidence rate of 1.5-2 million; the most common form of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with 1.5 million new cases per year.
Current literature indicates the close relationship between root resorptions and the role of clasts responsible for hard tissue destruction. The process is complex and involves mechanical factors and intense biological activity. Immunological interactions stimulate the recruitment and migration of clasts into a specific area, in order to destroy bone, cementum and dentin. Nevertheless, understanding the whole process will bring light to other questions concerning the role of the immunologic system in other parts of the human body.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. However, microbiological culture techniques take a few days to yield results; therefore, a simple, cost-effective, and rapid detection system is required for screening for MRSA and related bacteria: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) carriers during the hospital admissions process.
Objective: This article presents a literature review which relates the processes, interactions, classification and the vascular and clinical characteristics of inflammation relating it with the oral cavity and describing the main cell types and chemical mediators used for its establishment.
